20 August 2021
Puya raimondii. Native to the high Andes in Peru and Bolivia.
This truly amazing bromeliad can grow to 50 ft and bear 20, 000 flowers! It has a pretty unusual method of pollination... Many plants use birds to pollinate in that the pollen adheres to their feathers (male plant) and then off they flit to a female plant of the same species and deposit the pollen so that fertilisation takes place, and a new plant is created.
However, this plant also uses birds, but is a bit more ... violent (for lack of a better word) and actually ensnares them, but in one species this MIGHT be a defensive mechanism.
- This plant reproductive cycle is not fleeting, but as long as 80 years.
- This is an endangered species due mainly to fires caused by humans, climate change and a declining genetic diversity.

This enormous continent is home to many fantastic wild animals and the two we identify with the most, or most iconic, most popular. Well... 'most' of everything, is the lion and then the elephant. I have much to say about the prey animal – the elephant, but this post is about Africa's two top predators – The African lion and the largely ignored, Spotted hyena – Africa's two top predators. I am, however, focussing and highlighting that phenomenal intelligent fighter that is unfortunately greatly underestimated – the spotted hyena. They are and will always be Africa's greatest warrior. The first clear sign is that they are born into brutality and only the strongest will survive. Spotted hyena cubs are born with eyes open and already armed with teeth. The reason for that is that they have to fight for their survival from the moment they are born. The mother only has two teats and sometimes three cubs are born – not the usual amount, one or two. Competition for food is fierce and to survive the cubs have to fight from the moment they are born. Even if there are only two cubs born – the competition for food never fades and this they carry forth to adulthood – and in the end only one or more rarely, only two cubs will remain if there were three (an example).

Due to mankind's involvement, they are no longer kings, except in the minds of a few. The mighty is now reduced to 'vulnerable to extinction' and found in threatened and small, scattered populations over the continent as most of their original hunting grounds have been turned into agricultural lands (one reason, but a big one). The highest, but greatly threatened, wild lion populations are found in southern Africa.